Education (EDU) Policy Committee

A RESOLUTION ON SCHOOL RESOURCE OFFICER

WHEREAS, according to the National Center for Education Statistics in the 2015-16 school year, Black students were 15 percent of the school population nationwide, yet the U.S. Department of Education reported that Black children accounted for 31 percent of the students referred to law enforcement or arrested;

WHEREAS, in 28 states, the share of arrested students who are black is at least 10 percentage points higher than their share of enrollment. In 10 of those states, that gap is at least 20 percentage points;

WHEREAS, the overwhelming majority of these arrests are for relatively minor issues such as misbehavior, arguments or theft;

WHEREAS, school shootings such as the February 2018 one occurring in Parkland, FL, have intensified calls from parents for more SROs, but not an equivalent amount of transparency, accountability, and clear definition of their duties;

WHEREAS, only 12 states require specialized training for SROs, according to a 2015 study by the American Institutes for Research;

WHEREAS, many of our children aren’t afforded the appropriate support needed to overcome the challenges posed by poverty;

WHEREAS, analysis of the 2013-14 civil rights data by the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights found that 1.6 million students attended schools with police presence but with no school counselors and that these students were more likely to be Hispanic or Black;

WHEREAS, many school districts allow SRO’s to switch from being law enforcement officers to administrators; this intentionally ambiguous policy allows officers to conduct activities such as searches and seizures, stop and frisk, or interrogations as administrators that would otherwise be prohibited as officers, and then use evidence collected to instigate criminal proceedings, potentially creates constitutional violations that the average child would not be aware of or have the wherewithal to defend against; and

WHEREAS, most SRO policies do not empower parents to intervene on their children’s behalf to protect against self-incrimination or unwarranted searches and more needs to be done to ensure that parents know what SROs are doing on a regular basis, and parents deserve the right to intervene prior to their children being questioned in relation to an alleged crime.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the National Black Caucus of State Legislators (NBCSL) should remind local school boards that their primary responsibility of educating the children must reside with the teachers and the principals in the school and in the school system;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL remind local school boards that the primary disciplinary responsibilities for the students, where needed, must reside with the teachers and principal in the school and the school system;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL call for a standardized SRO policy and procedure manual describing SRO’s duties and that distinguishes them from those of school administrators is developed for nationwide use and that the SRO’s duties are included with the student code of conduct and the disciplinary matrix;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL will urge its members to collect data, aggregated by race, gender, and type of offense, that includes all student offenses and actions charged by SROs and call for that data to be released and monitored, to ensure the safety of all students in said school;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL will use data from the U. S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights data collections to educate communities about racial disparities in school-based arrests and will advocate for local school districts, state legislators, courts, and local law enforcement agencies to eliminate racial disparities in school-based arrests;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL members will advocate for legislation or other appropriate action that prohibits SROs from engaging in racial profiling and ‘stop and frisk’ policies;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL will advocate for legislation or other appropriate action to mandate that all SROs must have specific yearly training in child development, de-escalation techniques, mental and physical limitations, trauma, and recognizing and addressing implicit bias and cultural competencies;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL will advocate for SRO policies to empower parents or the responsible adult for the child to intervene on the child’s behalf before the child is questioned or legally detained; and

BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED, that the NBCSL send a copy of this resolution to the President of the United States, the Vice President of the United States, members of Congress, and other federal and state government officials as appropriate.

• SPONSOR: Representative Brenda Gilmore (TN)
• Committee of Jurisdiction: Education Policy Committee
• Certified by Committee Chair(s): Assemblymember Shirley Weber (CA) and Representative Harold Love (TN)
• Ratified in Plenary Session: Ratification Date is November 30, 2018
• Ratification is certified by: Representative Gregory W. Porter (IN), President

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A RESOLUTION ON ADDRESSING OUR NATION’S STUDENT LOAN DEBT CRISIS

WHEREAS, student loan debt has reached crisis levels in the United States;

WHEREAS, the nation’s borrowers now owe an astounding $1.5 trillion in federal student loan debt;

WHEREAS, according to the Federal Reserve over 44 million Americans owe money for their educations, and the average four-year college graduate leaves school with over $30,000 in debt;

WHEREAS, student loan borrowers are struggling to repay their loans, and the debt disproportionately affects communities of color;

WHEREAS, 13 percent of all borrowers are in collections on their student loan debt, and that figure increases to 18 percent for borrowers of color;

WHEREAS, for people of color, even a bachelor’s degree is not a safeguard against crushing debt: Black bachelor’s degree graduates’ default at five times the rate of white bachelor’s degree graduates and are more likely to default than whites who never finish a degree;

WHEREAS, women– and particularly Black women—are more likely to struggle with student loan debt;

WHEREAS, approximately 34 percent of all women and 57 percent of Black women who were repaying student loans reported that they had been unable to meet essential expenses within the past year;

WHEREAS, women graduate, on average, with $2,700 more in student loan debt, and because they earn about 26 percent less, paying off their debt takes significantly longer, and Black women have the greatest average amount of student loan debt and face disproportionate income disparities in comparison to white women;

WHEREAS, seventy-two percent of students attending historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) received a Pell Grant, almost double the proportion of students who receive Pell Grants at non-HBCUs, yet the Pell grant’s ability to meet rising college costs has decreased dramatically, creating challenges for low-income students to afford postsecondary education without going deep into debt;

WHEREAS, for-profit colleges are a major driver of student loan debt;

WHEREAS, for-profit, post-secondary institutions are more expensive than other schools, and borrowers are less likely to be able to repay their loans when they leave, which means that an inordinate number of low-income students and students of color are left with large loans that they cannot repay, and very little to no educational benefit in return;

WHEREAS, debt and default among Black students attending for-profit colleges is staggering, and the problem continues to grow, given that only 4 percent of white graduates who never attended a for-profit defaulted within 12 years of entry, compared to 67 percent of Black dropouts who ever attended a for-profit;

WHEREAS, the rate of homeownership, one of the most important ways to build wealth, has returned to fifty-year lows and student loan debt is a contributing factor;

WHEREAS, research from the National Association of Realtors has demonstrated that student loans are leading to serious delays in home purchases, with the average student loan borrower delaying the purchase of their first home by an average of seven years;

WHEREAS, student loan servicers are a critical link in determining whether people will have a pathway towards paying off their debt, or simply be continually rolled into one unaffordable payment after another;

WHEREAS, servicers have engaged in a range of abusive practices like misapplying student loan payments and placing borrowers into plans that simply delay the debt rather than repay it, which has caused student debt to balloon for individual borrowers, and thus contribute to the growing student loan crisis;

WHEREAS, the U.S. Department of Education has signaled that it is willing to make it easier for servicers of federal student loan debt to operate with less oversight and fewer protections for students, both by rolling back existing federal guidance and by seeking to thwart states’ rights to protect students in their own states against student loan abuses;

WHEREAS, the U.S. Department of Education has ended a years-long information sharing agreement with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and has signaled, via the Federal Register, that they no longer intend to routinely share information with other federal and state law enforcement agencies;

WHEREAS, the U.S. Department of Education has rolled back important protections for students at for-profit colleges and online programs, areas of significant concerns of unfair practices;

WHEREAS, the Department of Education, to the benefit for for-profit colleges, has proposed significantly doing away with or rescinding altogether existing rules such as Gainful Employment, which ensures students of for-profit colleges earn incomes that allow them to meet their living expenses, and Borrower Defense to Repayment, which seeks to redress harms caused by fraudulent for-profit schools;

WHEREAS, the U.S. Department of Education has also signaled their intent to re-negotiate the Distance Education rule, which requires state approval of online educational programs operating in that state.

WHEREAS, attorneys general in 30 states have affirmed the right of the states to oversee and enforce student loan laws, signing a letter that states, in part,

“Given the states’ experience and history in protecting their residents from all manner of fraudulent and unfair conduct, they play an essential role in consumer protection in student loans and education. States are uniquely situated to hear of, understand, confront, and, ultimately, resolve the abuses their residents face in the consumer marketplace. Abuses in connection with schools or student loans are no different. As with other issues facing their citizens, state regulators bring a specialized focus to, and appreciation for, the daily challenges experienced by students and borrowers. Far from interfering with the Department and other federal efforts to rein in abuses, the record overwhelmingly demonstrates that state laws and state enforcement complement and amplify this important work;” and

WHEREAS, several states have already begun to take legislative and enforcement actions related to unfair and deceptive practices of student loan servicers and for-profit colleges.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the National Black Caucus of State Legislators (NBCSL) recognizes that student loan debt is a $1.5 trillion crisis and that this crisis disproportionately affects people of color;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL recognizes that the current student loan debt crisis will seriously affect the financial future of Black borrowers in our states, including their ability to buy homes, start businesses, and save for retirement;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL commits to working through state legislatures to support affirmative legislation addressing the student loan crisis, including reforms of for-profit colleges and student loan servicing;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL urges states to enact legislation aimed at preventing unfair and abusive practices by for-profit colleges which sink borrowers into debt but provide little educational benefit;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL urges states to enact legislation aimed at ensuring that students are treated fairly when trying to repay their debt, such as through legislation that sets standards for student loan servicers by banning unfair and deceptive practices as well as deliberate negligence or inaccuracy in loan servicing or reporting;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL affirms the position of state attorneys general, that states have the right to license and regulate the business of student lending and the servicers operating in their state;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL urges the Department of Education to recommit itself to borrowers and their families, instead of for-profit colleges and student loan servicers;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL urges the Department of Education to reinstate information sharing policies with other federal and state enforcement agencies;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL urges the federal government and the states to increase funding for low-income students to attend college, including increasing federal Pell Grants and investing more state and federal funds in HBCUs and other institutions serving low-income students;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the NBCSL urges local, state, and federal governments to recognize the $1.5 trillion dollars in outstanding student loan debt as a crisis, and to work across party lines to find a solution that will benefit America’s student loan borrowers and their families; and

BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED, that the NBCSL send a copy of this resolution to the President of the United States, the Vice President of the United States, members of Congress, and other federal and state government officials as appropriate.

• SPONSOR: Senator Gladys A. Robinson, Ph. D. (NC)
• Committee of Jurisdiction: Education Policy Committee
• Certified by Committee Chair(s): Assemblymember Shirley Weber (CA) and Representative Harold Love (TN)
• Ratified in Plenary Session: Ratification Date is November 30, 2018
• Ratification is certified by: Representative Gregory W. Porter (IN), President

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A RESOLUTION ON ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACE’s)

WHEREAS, Adverse Childhood Experiences or ACEs are stressful or traumatic experiences, such as abuse, neglect and family dysfunction that disrupt the safe, stable, nurturing environments that children need to thrive;

WHEREAS, ACEs can have lasting effects on adulthood disease, disability and social functioning;

WHEREAS, a strong foundation in the early years improves the odds for positive outcomes, and a weak foundation increases the odds of later difficulties;

WHEREAS, building strong foundations through investment in high-quality, evidence-based early intervention programs are critical to the growth of children; and

WHEREAS, providing safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments for children promotes healthy self-esteem and strong interpersonal skills.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the National Black Caucus of State Legislators (NBCSL) encourages local education authorities and schools to develop an evidence-based training program on ACEs for school leaders and teachers to include: the effects of ACEs on a child’s mental, physical, social, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive development; ACEs as a risk factor for the development of substance abuse disorders and other at-risk health behaviors; trauma-informed principles and practices for classrooms; how early identification of children exposed to one or more ACEs may improve educational outcomes;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the NBCSL encourages improving the lives of children by decreasing adverse childhood experiences and encourages local education authorities to develop an ACEs training program to make available to school personal; and

BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED, that the NBCSL send a copy of this resolution to the President of the United States, the Vice President of the United States, members of Congress, and other federal and state government officials as appropriate.

• SPONSOR: Representative Raumesh Akbari (TN)
• Committee of Jurisdiction: Education Policy Committee
• Certified by Committee Chair(s): Assemblymember Shirley Weber (CA) and Representative Harold Love (TN)
• Ratified in Plenary Session: Ratification Date is November 30, 2018
• Ratification is certified by: Representative Gregory W. Porter (IN), President

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